Boron toxicity impacts on photosystem II photochemical efficiency of sage (Salvia officinalis)

Although boron (B) is an essential element for plants, it becomes toxic in high concentrations. This study was conducted to determine the effects of B toxicity on photosynthetic performance sage (Salvia officinalis). Twenty-day old cuttings were exposed concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mM) 20 days. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements determined analysed by JIP test. The content led a gradual decrease efficiency electron transport, quantum yields, performances, driving force sage, while causing increase K-band, L-band, specific phenomenological energy fluxes. Membrane damage water loss gradually increased response severity levels (-4.3 fold 19.5% at mM B, respectively). reductions amounts pigment activity showed that highly affected toxicity, even anthocyanin flavonoid unable alleviate this effect. Exposure associated with amount accumulation leaves. dramatic leaves, which are used herbal teas food flavourings, can pose threat human health depending characteristics soil grows. An evaluation PSII photochemical may serve sage.